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Blood & Hemoglobin

What causes low hemoglobin (Anemia) and what blood tests diagnose it?

Direct Answer:

Low hemoglobin is caused by iron deficiency, Vitamin B12/folate deficiency, chronic blood loss, or kidney disease. Diagnosed via Complete Blood Count (CBC), Serum Ferritin, and Peripheral Smear.

Hemoglobin is the iron-rich oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. Normal reference ranges vary by sex and pregnancy status (Men: 13.5-17.5 g/dL, Women: 12.0-15.5 g/dL, Pregnant Women: >11.0 g/dL).

Diagnostic Blood Work

  • CBC: Evaluates Hb, Hematocrit, and MCV (size of RBCs).
  • Serum Ferritin: Gold standard measure for stored tissue iron stores (<30 ng/mL indicates iron depletion).
  • TIBC & TSAT %: Measures iron-binding capacity and transferrin saturation.
When to Seek Medical Care:

Seek urgent care if low hemoglobin is accompanied by extreme dizziness, fainting spells, rapid heart rate, or chest pain.

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Clinical Disclaimer: This health information is provided for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical diagnosis, advice, or treatment. Always consult a qualified physician regarding any medical condition.
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