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NPO (Nil Per Os / Nothing by Mouth)

/en-piː-əʊ/ abbreviation Surgery & Nursing
Board Reviewed
Reviewed: Aug 2026
Medical Definition

Clinical medical instruction directing that a patient receive no food, liquids, or oral medications.

Detailed Medical Explanation

NPO (Nil Per Os / Nothing by Mouth) is an essential concept in Surgery & Nursing.

Clinical medical instruction directing that a patient receive no food, liquids, or oral medications.

Clinical & Practical Significance

Mandatory prior to general anesthesia to prevent pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.


Clinical Usage & Diagnostic Context

Mandatory prior to general anesthesia to prevent pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.

Patient-Friendly Explanation

Medical instruction meaning nothing by mouth.

Professional Clinical Context

<p><strong>NPO (Nil Per Os / Nothing by Mouth)</strong> is an essential concept in <em>Surgery & Nursing</em>.</p><p>Clinical medical instruction directing that a patient receive no food, liquids, or oral medications.</p><h4>Clinical & Practical Significance</h4><p>Mandatory prior to general anesthesia to prevent pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.</p>

Medical Disclaimer

This medical glossary entry is provided for health education and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding any clinical condition.

Terminology Metadata
  • Specialty Surgery & Nursing
  • Part of Speech abbreviation
  • Terminology Type abbreviation
  • Etymology & Origin Latin: Nil Per Os (nothing by mouth)
  • Synonyms & Aliases Nothing by mouth, fasting
Authoritative References

WHO / Medical Literature

Educational / Fair Use
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